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quarta-feira, 1 de abril de 2015

Justice:an individual feeling or an universal reality ?


The Justice word brings two concepts to our minds: a concrete and an abstract. The concrete concept is the image of a court composed of  judge ,lawyer ,prosecutor, jury,and defendant. The abstract  concept is broader; you can’t see it, but you can feel, and sometimes it is contrary to justice of the courts and the law. Often, we think that the law is being unfair because it’s not acting as we want. In  Antigone,  tragedy by Sophocles, the two brothers of the protagonist kill each other  fighting  for the throne of Thebes. Creon, uncle of Antigone and new ruler has decided that Eteocles will be honored and Polyneices will be in public shame. The rebel brother's body will not be sanctified by holy rites, and will lie unburied on the battlefield, prey for carrion animals like worms and vultures, the harshest punishment at the time.Antigone doesn’t agree with that edict and bury her brother and she is buried alive in a cave.
In the play of Sophocles, there are two kinds of Justice; the law’s and the individual’s. Creon, which is the law, just think Polyneices’ body shouldn’t be buried,because the nephew allied to Thebes enemies to win Eteocles. Antigone thinks Uncle decree is unfair and contrary to the divine laws. The righteousness of Thebes is based on the good of the state and the Antigone’s rectitude is settled on your feelings, which she believes to be the same of the gods. After all, what is justice?
Someone needs something, goes to a shop,pays for the object and becomes its new owner. If someone takes something and doesn’t  pay, so the shop has a loss and if  he pays and doesn’t  take the object,so he is a injured consumer. The sense of justice is similar to the act of consuming.We make acts and we want to get something that has  our own preset price If we believe that we made the good, we expect to receive something good . When someone does something bad,  we expected that the evil will be its payment. Pay good actions with good action and bad actions with bad actions .Is it true? Not always.
 Injustice is a feeling that occurs when  the received doesn’t have the value of a given action.You don’t get what you give. You think that you gave good and you got evil or someone gave evil and  got good. However, the good to one can be the evil to other. That one what I call unfair may think I'm being unfair by calling him that. Thus, the sense of justice and the sense of injustice may even be the same for everyone, but the reasons that trigger these feelings depend on what is the good and what is bad for each person.
Socrates was sentenced to death for going against the laws of Athens, and shortly after ingesting the poison the philosopher said he could have avoided the conviction if he had given up the fair life. According to him, the legislation of Athens was unfair , because that was not according to his interests . In other words, there is only Justice if  something is in accordance with the individual interest   There is no right or wrong law, fair or unfair legislation, grateful or ungrateful people. There are actions that the individual agrees and actions  that the individual doesn’t agree.  Antigone did justice to bury her brother, but Creon was also doing justice when he condemned the niece to death.Which of the two was unfair and who was the  fair? The answer is easy: one who committed the action that I agree is fair and the other is the unfair.

 Sometimes, the disharmony among  justices (individual, social  and legal) generates an unhealthy desire to impose “what is right”. This imposition appears in various forms: religions, dictatorships,revolutions,lynching, murder, genocide, physical and psychological torture, verbal abuse, and even suicide (because there are those who kill for the unfair feel the burden of guilt on themselves). There is also the violence that doesn’t act, but  it keeps in mind of the one who believes didn’t receive what should get. This one expects the other to charge what someone owes him. His “right “ will be imposed for others.The “Other” can be God, karma,an accident, an illness, a disappointment or remorse. It doesn’t matter what is the Other; it matters that the “right” prevails. That’s the sense of Justice,my “right” above your “right”.  I end with a question: Is Justice the same feeling of revenge?


Hugs
Marcelo Maia Gomes
Degree in Philosophy

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